Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Insecticide Carbaryl to Flounder Gill Cells and Its Teratogenicity to Zebrafish Embryos

In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of carbamate insecticide carbaryl to flounder gill(FG) cells and its teratogenicity to zebrafish embryos. The cytotoxicity of carbaryl to FG cells was determined with methods including MTT and neutral red uptaking(NRU), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) releasing and Hoechst 33342 and propidium idodide(PI) double staining. Moderate cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner was observed. The 24 h-IC50 value of 53.48 ± 1.21, 59.13 ± 1.19 and 46.21 ± 1.24 mg L-1 carbaryl was obtained through MTT, NRU and LDH assays, respectively. Double fluorescence staining demonstrated that carbaryl induced the death of FG cells mainly through necrosis. There was no significant genotoxicity found in the FG cells exposed to the highest testing concentration of carbaryl(20 mg L-1, P 0.05) as was demonstrated by Comet assay. Zebrafish embryos exposed to carbaryl at concentrations ≥10 mg L-1 displayed moderate toxic effects on the survival, spontaneous movement, hatching, heart rates of the embryos and their development, which were evidenced by yolk and pericardial sac edemas, body length reduction and tail flexure in time- and concentration-dependent manners at specific stages. The 24 h-, 48 h- and 96 h-LC50 values of carbaryl to zebrafish embryos were 41.80 ± 1.10, 17.80 ± 1.04 and 14.46 ± 1.05 mg L-1, respectively. These results suggested that carbaryl is moderately toxic to FG cells cultured in vitro and zebrafish embryos, and the FG cells were similar to zebrafish embryos in their sensitivity to carbaryl as 24 h-IC50 and LC50 indicated.     

南堡凹陷东营组高精度层序地层格架及沉积体系分析

在高分辨率三维地震、钻井以及大量地质资料研究基础上,根据层序地层界面特征,将南堡凹陷东营组划分为1个二级层序和4个三级层序。以初始洪泛面和最大洪泛面识别特征为依据,进一步将三级层序划分出体系域。通过层序地层格架特征及其发育位置分析,认为柳南次凹层序地层格架发育的主控因素为构造、物源和湖平面变化。应用层序地层学原理及南堡凹陷沉积充填背景研究,认为柳南次凹的沉积体系类型为冲积扇、扇三角洲、水下扇、重力流及湖泊沉积体系。冲积扇及水下扇体系在低位体系域中发育,高位体系域中扇三角洲体系和重力流发育,湖扩体系域中湖泊体系非常发育。     

滇东地区煤田构造格局与煤系赋存规律的研究

滇东地区位于特提斯和环太平洋构造体系的交接部位,煤田构造格局的总体特征是呈NNE向条带状展布。区内断层以NNE、NE向为主,受主要断裂影响,煤田在南北向呈带状,东西向呈段状展布,各煤矿区在平面上呈NE向带状分布。研究区煤系赋存受基底主干断裂的控制作用明显,变形强度由北向南逐渐增强,北部地区以褶皱构造为主,断层较少,煤层多保存于向斜构造中,保存较完整,煤层埋藏较深;南部受弥勒-师宗断裂带影响,断裂构造极为发育,对煤层破坏严重,煤系赋存不稳定。     

古沙漠记录的沉积体系及层序地层研究进展——以鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系为例

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩纪古沙漠沉积地层主要为冲积扇、湖泊、河流、三角洲及沙漠沉积体系.风成沉积和沙漠沉积、风成沉积体系和沙漠沉积体系等概念有必要予以区分.基准面变化是沙漠和河流、湖泊等其他陆相地层对比的基础.鄂尔多斯盆地志丹群划分为上下两个三级层序单元,反映了两期古沙漠由风成沉积强盛期到衰退期的演化,且每个层序可划分为低位、...     

Optical observations of the broad-lined type Ic supernova SN 2012ap

The optical observations of the type Ic supernova(SN Ic) SN 2012 ap in NGC 1729 are presented. A comparison with other SNe Ic indicates that SN 2012 ap is highly reddened(with E(B- V)host～0.8 mag) and may represent one of the most luminous SNe Ic ever observed, with an absolute V-band peak magnitude of ～-19.3±0.5 mag after extinction correction. The near-maximum-light spectrum shows wide spectral features that are typical of broad-lined SNe Ic. One interesting feature in the spectrum is the appearance of some narrow absorption features that can be attributed to the diffuse interstellar bands, consistent with the large reddening inferred from the photometric method. Based on the light curves and the spectral data, we estimate that SN 2012 ap produced a56 Ni mass of ～ 0.3 ± 0.1M in the explosion, with an ejecta mass of 2.4+0.7-0.7M and a kinetic energy of E5K= 1.1+0.4-0.4× 102 erg. The properties of its progenitor are also briefly discussed.     

UPPER PALAEOZOIC FORMATIONS AND FAUNAS OF YAOLING,CHENHSIEN,S.HUNAN.

STRATIGRAPHY Yao Ling (瑤林) lies 40 li southeast from Chen Hsien city (郴縣), about Long. 112°30′E., Lat. 25°40′N., and is halfway between Chen Hsien city and the well known wolfram mining district, Yao Kang Sien (瑤崗仙). On the     

Investigation on the Deposition in an Excavated Trough at the East Shore of Jiaozhou Bay, China

- Based on field investigations, this paper analyzes three types of harbour basinns and navigation channel excavated on seabed in Jiaozhou Bay, get a general rule of deposition for excavated trough, it found that pollution is one of crucial factors resulting in the deposition of the excavated trough in the east shore of Jiaozhou Bay. With these results, it predicted the annual deposition thickness for the excavated trough and disclosed the fact that it can't be deposited deadly during one storm. At the same time, with two-dimensional numerical model, it studied the effects of the excavated trough and the reclamation near shore on tidal cureent and said that the excavated trough can decrease the current velocity passing through the trough about 10- 15%, but only limited inside and near the trough and there are no effect on other regions; reclamation can cut off the pollution sources and no obvious effect on the currents of the Jiaozhou Bay. Connecting the deep trough and Cangkou tidal channel with a new     

Effects of Irregular Wave Groups on Pile Forces

The wave forces on 1, 2 and 4 vertical circular piles under the action of several wave trains of the same wave parameters, such as Hs,Tp and Mo, but different wave group factor GF are measured in the laboratory. After comparing these forces, it may be concluded that the mean and significant wave forces are almost of no difference for the wave trains with different GF. When GF is larger, the one-tenth of the wave froce extreme is slightly increased and the maximum wave force is much larger than the ones with smaller GF, to which attention must be paid in engineering practice.     

Influence of Approach Channel on Wave Propagation with Varying Incident Angles

- The variation of the amplitude of waves with varying incident angles when waves propagate through a typical approach channel is discussed by a numerical calculation method, the result of which shows that the influence of the channel on wave propagation is obvious. When the wave propagation direction is in coincidence with the channel axis, the wave amplitude ratio will decrease with the increase of propagation distance. When the incident angle is 15 - 30 , there appears an area of larger wave amplitude ratio on the side slope facing the waves, but at the another side, the wave amplitude ratio is generally small, indicating that the channel has a shielding effect. When waves propagate across the channel perpendicularly, the wave amplitude ratio can be calculated with the shallow water coefficient.     

Theory and Practice of Soft Clay Engineering

-The shear strength and deformation properties of soft clay are discussed first. Then some methods for predicting the performance of soft clay foundation are proposed. Finally, case histories are presented to illustrate some discussed aspects of soft clay.